Standards Evolution, Technical Architecture & Market Implementation 1. Overview: What Is 3GPP NTN? Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) refer to networks, or segments of networks, that use spaceborne or airborne vehicles to host transmission equipment, relay nodes, or base stations. In 3GPP terminology, NTN encompasses low Earth orbit (LEO), medium Earth orbit (MEO), and geosynchronousContinue reading “3GPP NON-TERRESTRIAL NETWORKS (NTN)”
Author Archives: Ashok Kumar
6G RADIO TECHNOLOGY
Physical Layer Deep Dive Waveforms · Modulation Order · Channel Bandwidth Giga-MIMO · Spectrum Bands · Channel Coding · Numerology IMT-2030 / 3GPP Release 21 | June 2026 1. Executive Summary 6G, formally designated IMT-2030 by the ITU, represents the next epoch of mobile communications targeting commercial availability around 2030. The 3GPP has initiated studyContinue reading “6G RADIO TECHNOLOGY”
The Future of 5G: Direct to Cell Technology Explained
Author: Ashok Kumar, Department of Telecommunications, Ministry of Communications, India Introduction Direct to Cell (DTC) technology is poised to transform global connectivity by enabling direct communication between satellites and mobile devices. This groundbreaking technology help in extending coverage to remote and underserved areas. With companies like Starlink actively testing and deploying DTC solutions, the future of seamless,Continue reading “The Future of 5G: Direct to Cell Technology Explained”
6G usage scenarios and key capabilities
What are Jio True 5G and Airtel 5G Plus ! What are 5G Stand Alone (5G SA) and 5G Non-Standalone (5G NSA)! : A Tech Analysis
Our Prime minister launched 5G Services in India on 1st October 2022 from India Mobile Congress 2022 (IMC 2022) held in Delhi. Subsequently, Airtel and Jio have announced the availability of 5G services in metros and a few more cities. The availability of 5G devices in the market has increased. Many existing 5G devices inContinue reading “What are Jio True 5G and Airtel 5G Plus ! What are 5G Stand Alone (5G SA) and 5G Non-Standalone (5G NSA)! : A Tech Analysis”
5G Identities
(Based on 3GPP Specification in Release 15 and 16) 5G Identities Each subscriber in the 5G System is allocated one 5G Subscription Permanent Identifier (SUPI) for use within the 3GPP system. The 5G System supports identification of subscriptions independently of identification of the user equipment. Each UE accessing the 5G System shall be assigned aContinue reading “5G Identities”
5G Identities
NTIPRIT is organizing a Webinar on ‘5G Identities’, as part of webinar series on ‘Emerging trends in 5G’, scheduled to be held on ‘ 10th February 2021, 1100Hrs to 1300Hrs’. The session will be delivered by me. The webinar is specially designed for officers of DoT, CDoT, ITI, BSNL, MTNL and other stakeholders. The webinarContinue reading “5G Identities”
Quality of Service (QoS) in 5G Network
The 5G QoS model is based on QoS Flows. The 5G QoS model supports both QoS Flows that require guaranteed flow bit rate (GBR QoS Flows) and QoS Flows that do not require guaranteed flow bit rate (Non-GBR QoS Flows). The 5G QoS model also supports Reflective QoS The QoS Flow is the finest granularityContinue reading “Quality of Service (QoS) in 5G Network”
Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS) – Coexistence of 5G NR with 4G LTE
5G is the first ever mobile radio system that is designed to use any spectrum from below 1 GHz up to millimetre waves. 5G is also designed to be deployed in licensed, shared and unlicensed spectrum bands. 5G can use Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) technology for paired spectrum and Time Division Duplex (TDD) technology forContinue reading “Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS) – Coexistence of 5G NR with 4G LTE”
5G Identities :Globally Unique Temporary UE Identity (5G-GUTI)
The AMF shall allocate a 5G Globally Unique Temporary Identifier (5G-GUTI) to the UE that is common to both 3GPP and non-3GPP access. It is possible to use the same 5G-GUTI for accessing 3GPP access and non-3GPP access security context within the AMF for the given UE. An AMF may re-assign a new 5G-GUTI toContinue reading “5G Identities :Globally Unique Temporary UE Identity (5G-GUTI)”